Notes+of+oral+presentation

**Wall**
Concept In fact, the engligh word "wall" is deriver form latin vallum

Walls origin

Walls have their origin in the fortifications of cities

Use

TO separate spaces Structural walls to provide protection to delimit

Parts of walls

Pilar Beam Windowsill Skirting board Jambs Sill Lintel Discharge arch

Types of walls

Building walls: to support foofs and ceilings Boundary walls: limit the movmement of peolpe across a certain border or separet two population Shared walls: Neighbouring properties Retaining walls: Holds back rock from a building.

Types of retaining walls:

- Gravity wall - Piling wall - Cantielever wall - Anchored wall

**Framed Structures**
DEfinition

Support, shape, and framework for outer coverings

Structures:

Foundation and footing: Delivers load from the house down to solid soil Wall Framing: Vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls Load bearing walls: Conducts the vertical load form upper structure Non-bearing walls: They don't support loads so they ussually can be remived without compromising the structure. Floor framing: System of sills, beams, girders, joists. Roof framing: The supporting structure os a roof usually compromises beams

Construction systems.

Platform framing. Balloon Framing.

Lintel
Definition: a header or horizontal beam that supports weight of the roof

Post and lintel is a simple construction technique also called "post and beam"

Trabeated System: horizontal beams that involves the use of arches

A trabated system is commonly used for reinforce and decoration.